Frequently, as I speak with both new and old Catholic friends, they ask me: “But what about the saints?” We speak of Jesus and our faith in him, but the first discussion that my Catholic friends want to have is with regard to the saints.
They are referring to Peter, James, John, Paul, and many more. And of course we honor them all. They are great examples for us – in the good and in the bad things that they did – but they were men like us. We can read about their successes, but very often we also read about their failures.
Peter both declared Jesus as the Messiah and the Son of God and also denied him in the most public of ways of all of the disciples. John was the disciple that Jesus loved, but he also abandoned Jesus and he, along with his brother James and their mother, were strongly rebuked by Jesus for asking for the positions at Jesus’s right and left when he came into his kingdom. Paul planted and discipled churches all throughout present-day Turkey, Greece, Macedonia, and Lebanon, but he also took part in persecuting and killing Christians before Jesus entered his life.
But my Catholic friends will object: Jesus said that his church would be founded upon Peter, the rock. Isn’t he the foundation of our faith?
They are, of course, referring to the time that Peter correctly identified Jesus as the Messiah:
When Jesus came to the region of Caesarea Philippi, he asked his disciples, “Who do people say the Son of Man is?”
They replied, “Some say John the Baptist; others say Elijah; and still others, Jeremiah or one of the prophets.”
“But what about you?” he asked. “Who do you say I am?”
Simon Peter answered, “You are the Messiah, the Son of the living God.”
Jesus replied, “Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah, for this was not revealed to you by flesh and blood, but by my Father in heaven. And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades will not overcome it. I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven; whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven.” Then he ordered his disciples not to tell anyone that he was the Messiah.
Matthew 16:13-20
But of course, a few minutes later, after having his name changed so that he would be called Peter, he is then called Satan. Wow!
From that time on Jesus began to explain to his disciples that he must go to Jerusalem and suffer many things at the hands of the elders, the chief priests and the teachers of the law, and that he must be killed and on the third day be raised to life.
Peter took him aside and began to rebuke him. “Never, Lord!” he said. “This shall never happen to you!”
Jesus turned and said to Peter, “Get behind me, Satan! You are a stumbling block to me; you do not have in mind the concerns of God, but merely human concerns.”
Matthew 16:21-23
I hope this illustrates the sense in which we cannot place our faith in human beings. We cannot say that people are at the foundation of our faith. In fact, we cannot – we absolutely cannot – hold up a person, neither past nor present, as the one upon which we are building our faith. Neither can we do this upon an individual, nor a collection of individuals. The Catholic church itself, nor anyone who leads the Catholic church, has any authority over the word of God or the Holy Spirit. The Catholic church, despite its claims, cannot provide the meaning for the scripture. Why? Because like Peter, we can sometimes listen correctly to the word of God and the Holy Spirit, and at other times we can completely err in our judgment, just as Peter did when he was more interested in human concerns over the concerns of God. If that can happen to Peter, who himself walked with Jesus, then it can absolutely happen to any of us, or any leader of any church. No doubt whatsoever.
In fact, we should listen to Peter. He was the one that Jesus spoke to and was called the rock upon which Jesus would build his church. How did Peter understand the situation? How did he understand the way that our faith was to be built? Who is the foundation from Peter’s perspective? Let’s listen to him:
As you come to him, the living Stone —rejected by humans but chosen by God and precious to him— you also, like living stones, are being built into a spiritual house to be a holy priesthood, offering spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God through Jesus Christ. For in Scripture it says:
“See, I lay a stone in Zion,
a chosen and precious cornerstone,
and the one who trusts in him
will never be put to shame.”
Now to you who believe, this stone is precious. But to those who do not believe,
“The stone the builders rejected
has become the cornerstone,”
and,
“A stone that causes people to stumble
and a rock that makes them fall.”
1 Peter 2:4-8
Who is Peter talking about? Peter is writing here and he is not talking about himself. He is talking about Jesus! Jesus is the cornerstone. Jesus is the one upon whom we are founded. Jesus is the foundation upon whom we are built, and we are living stones that are part of the house that God is building.
Is that “house” different from the church? No, the people of God are the church. There is no allowance in the scriptures for the idea that the church somehow sits outside of this collection of people, the people that are being formed into the “house” of living stones.
In fact, this is exactly the point that Peter himself is making. Those that believe are part of this house, and that house is founded upon one single cornerstone: Jesus Christ.
So, was Jesus lying when he said that Peter was the rock upon which he will build his church? No, of course not, but it certainly isn’t the way that the Catholic church has claimed. As we’ve said, Peter himself said that Jesus is the foundation. Jesus is the cornerstone upon which we are all built.
Peter, however, did found the church. How did that happen? Peter was the one who stood up on the day of Pentecost, the day that the Holy Spirit was poured out upon the believers, and preached to the crowds so powerfully with the help of the Spirit that 3000 people came to faith that day.
Therefore let all Israel be assured of this: God has made this Jesus, whom you crucified, both Lord and Messiah.”
When the people heard this, they were cut to the heart and said to Peter and the other apostles, “Brothers, what shall we do?”
Peter replied, “Repent and be baptized, every one of you, in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins. And you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. The promise is for you and your children and for all who are far off —for all whom the Lord our God will call.”
With many other words he warned them; and he pleaded with them, “Save yourselves from this corrupt generation.” Those who accepted his message were baptized, and about three thousand were added to their number that day.
Acts 2:36-41
Did Christ build his church upon Peter? Yes, absolutely! Was Peter the foundation? Absolutely not. Jesus was the foundation. Peter didn’t preach about himself. He spoke of Christ and the first church was founded in that day.
Then Peter had a vision from Christ in Acts 10 and was the first to go to preach the Gospel to the Gentiles. As he was speaking, the Holy Spirit came upon all of the people in Cornelius’s house, and seeing that they had received the Spirit, Peter called for them to be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ.
Then Peter began to speak: “I now realize how true it is that God does not show favoritism but accepts from every nation the one who fears him and does what is right. You know the message God sent to the people of Israel, announcing the good news of peace through Jesus Christ, who is Lord of all. You know what has happened throughout the province of Judea, beginning in Galilee after the baptism that John preached— how God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Spirit and power, and how he went around doing good and healing all who were under the power of the devil, because God was with him.
“We are witnesses of everything he did in the country of the Jews and in Jerusalem. They killed him by hanging him on a cross, but God raised him from the dead on the third day and caused him to be seen. He was not seen by all the people, but by witnesses whom God had already chosen—by us who ate and drank with him after he rose from the dead. He commanded us to preach to the people and to testify that he is the one whom God appointed as judge of the living and the dead. All the prophets testify about him that everyone who believes in him receives forgiveness of sins through his name.”
While Peter was still speaking these words, the Holy Spirit came on all who heard the message. The circumcised believers who had come with Peter were astonished that the gift of the Holy Spirit had been poured out even on Gentiles. For they heard them speaking in tongues and praising God.
Then Peter said, “Surely no one can stand in the way of their being baptized with water. They have received the Holy Spirit just as we have.” So he ordered that they be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ. Then they asked Peter to stay with them for a few days.
Acts 10:34-48
Did Christ build his church upon Peter in this instance? Yes, absolutely! Was Peter the foundation? Absolutely not. Peter didn’t preach about himself. He spoke of Christ and the church added Gentiles to the “house”, to the church, as living stones also inserted into the house.
Peter said that Jesus is the cornerstone. Jesus is the foundation upon which the church is founded. Paul confirmed what Jesus said in Colossians 1…
He is before all things, and in him all things hold together. And he is the head of the body, the church; he is the beginning and the firstborn from among the dead, so that in everything he might have the supremacy.
Colossians 1:17-18
…and in Ephesians 5…
For the husband is the head of the wife as Christ is the head of the church, his body, of which he is the Savior.
Ephesians 5:23
Using the analogy of a body, Paul confirms Peter’s statement. There is one head, Jesus Christ. Not Peter. Not Paul. Nor any other “saint”. Jesus, and him only, supreme over all. He is the cornerstone of our faith and foundation of the church.